铜鼎是怎么从煮饭工具变成王权的象征的

大部分人应该都知道，最早的鼎是用黏土烧制的陶鼎，人们将它作为煮肉的烹饪器。到了奴隶社会，有了用青铜铸造的铜鼎，铜鼎是怎么从煮饭的工具变成后来象征王权的传国重器的呢？

Most people should know that the earliest tripod was made of clay. People used it as a cooking utensil for cooking meat. In the slave society, with the bronze tripod, how did the bronze tripod change from a cooking tool to a later symbol of the royal power?

随着国家的变迁、社会制度的变化以及文化的发展，鼎器的作用也在发生变化。 早在夏朝时就有有关鼎的传说。传说夏禹曾收九牧之金铸九鼎于荆山之下，以象征九州，并在上面镌刻魑魅魍魉的图形，让人们警惕，防止被其伤害。正是由于禹铸九鼎这个传说，鼎就从一般的炊器发展为传国重器，象征着国家政权，国灭则鼎迁。

With the change of the country, the change of social system and the development of culture, the role of tripod ware is also changing. As early as the Xia Dynasty, there was a legend about Ding. It is said that Xiayu once collected the gold of Jiumu and cast Jiuding under Jingshan mountain to symbolize Jiuzhou, and engraved the figures of demons and monsters on it to make people alert and prevent them from being hurt. It is because of the legend of Yu casting nine tripods that the tripod developed from a common cooker to a national important one, symbolizing the state power. When the state was destroyed, the tripod moved.

对铜鼎的拥有和使用，是身份等级差别的标志之一。在周代，就有所谓“天子九鼎，诸侯七鼎，卿大夫五鼎，元士三鼎”等使用数量的规定。鼎之所以被珍重，皆因其造工精美以及历史性极高。皇宫所铸造的鼎，线条苍劲有力，细腻委婉，形体工稳大方，其上更是刻画着一张恢宏壮观的精美画卷。

The possession and use of the bronze tripod is one of the symbols of the difference in status. In the Zhou Dynasty, there were so-called "nine tripods for the emperor, seven tripods for the princes, five tripods for the officials and three tripods for the scholars of the Yuan Dynasty". The reason why Ding is valued is because of its exquisite workmanship and high historical value. The tripod cast by the imperial palace is vigorous and powerful in lines, delicate and graceful in shape, and it depicts a magnificent and exquisite picture.

青铜鼎不仅用于祭祀天地祖神，而且是丧葬制度中身份地位的衡量器。如西周时期随葬制度中明确规定天子九鼎八簋、诸侯七鼎六簋、卿大夫五鼎三簋、士三鼎二簋，形成了一套严密的宗法礼乐制度，也称“列鼎”制度。传说中有大禹铸九鼎以定天下、楚庄王问鼎中原、秦惠文王寻鼎的故事，也有君子一言九鼎、三足鼎立、钟鸣鼎食等成语出现。春秋以后，各封侯国各自为政，盛行于西周的列鼎制度遭到僭越破坏。到了汉代，人们视青铜鼎为祥瑞之兆，汉武帝因于汾水之上得鼎，所以将年号改为元鼎。

The bronze tripod is not only used to offer sacrifices to the ancestors of heaven and earth, but also a measure of status in the funeral system. For example, the burial system of the Western Zhou Dynasty clearly stipulated that the emperor's nine tripods and eight tripods, the princes' seven tripods and six tripods, the officials' five tripods and three tripods and two tripods, which formed a set of strict patriarchal rites and music system, also known as the "lieding" system. According to the legend, there are stories about Dayu casting nine tripods to settle the world, King Zhuang of Chu seeking the Central Plains and King Huiwen of Qin seeking the tripod. There are also idioms such as a gentleman's one word nine tripods, tripod tripod, Zhong Ming Ding Shi and so on. After the spring and Autumn period, the feudal states acted on their own, and the lieding system prevailing in the Western Zhou Dynasty was violated. In the Han Dynasty, people regarded the bronze tripod as a sign of auspiciousness. Because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty got the tripod above Fenshui, he changed the year name to Yuan tripod.

鼎器又是旌功记绩的礼器。周代的国君或王公大臣在重大庆典或接受赏赐时都要铸鼎，以记载盛况。礼俗至今仍然有一定影响。有时国家间或各地区间举行的一些重大庆典中，鼎成为不可或缺的一部分。

The tripod vessel is also a ritual vessel for honoring merits and recording achievements. In the Zhou Dynasty, emperors or princes and ministers were required to cast tripods to record the grand occasion during major celebrations or awards. Etiquette and custom still have a certain influence. Sometimes the tripod becomes an indispensable part of some important celebrations held between countries or regions.